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Hip Replacement Surgery
Joint prosthesis application is a surgical technique utilized to restore joint functionality and alleviate discomfort by substituting damaged joint surfaces with custom-made prostheses. Hip replacement surgery is undertaken when conventional treatments for hip pain fail to yield improvement in the patient's condition. Moreover, it is employed in addressing belatedly diagnosed congenital hip dislocation.
Who is a candidate for hip replacement surgery?
Hip prosthesis is utilized in the treatment of hip arthrosis (coxarthrosis), hip dislocation, Perthes disease, osteonecrosis, post-fracture, and cancer interventions. Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition. Pain and restricted mobility progressively escalate with advancing age.
Is The Selection of The Prosthesis to be Utilized in Surgical procedures a Crucial Consideration?
Depending on the characteristics of the hip joint and the specific ailment, the selection of the prosthesis by the physician is determined and communicated to the patient. It is imperative for the patient to be acquainted with the brand of the prosthesis to be utilized. Prosthesis brands possessing internationally recognized certifications, prevalent in advanced nations, and exhibiting successful outcomes, hold significant value in terms of the postoperative longevity of the prosthesis.
When is Total Hip Arthroplasty Recommended?
Pain serves as the paramount indicator for identifying patients suitable for hip replacement surgery. In cases where patients experience no pain, alternative hip-preserving procedures should be considered. Another crucial factor to consider is the constraint in mobility. Deterioration of the cartilage tissue within the joint disrupts the seamless functionality of the hip joint, leading to restricted movements and subsequent discomfort.
Primarily, it is imperative to attentively listen to patient grievances and conduct a thorough physical examination. Utilizing X-ray imaging of the hip stands as the foremost and pivotal diagnostic procedure. Prior to resorting to surgical interventions, alternative treatment modalities should be explored. These may encompass rest, pharmaceutical interventions, physiotherapy regimens, utilization of walking aids, and limitation of activities such as climbing stairs.
Ultimately, the decision to proceed with hip replacement surgery hinges upon the patient's discernment of the severity of their condition. Should the manifestations be excessively distressing and non-surgical interventions prove ineffective, deliberation on hip replacement surgery becomes imperative.
Surgical Process
The surgical procedure may be conducted under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia. When determining the approach, the patient's comorbidities are taken into consideration, with utmost regard given to the patient's preferences. Postoperative pain management is facilitated through the administration of preoperative epidural catheters or peripheral nerve blocks. On average, the surgery lasts approximately 2 hours. Within a day post-surgery, the patient is able to rise with the assistance of crutches and attend to personal tasks independently.
Following the surgery, detailed rehabilitation and exercise regimens tailored to the patient are elucidated. After undergoing prosthetic surgery, the patient typically attains a state where full resumption of daily activities is achievable within an average of 6 weeks. To promote the healing of soft tissues post-surgery, certain movements such as crossing legs, squatting, and sitting cross-legged are advised against.
What Are the Risks of Total Hip Replacement Surgery?
Some complications may arise following hip replacement surgery. Here are several instances of potential complications:
Infection: Joint infections represent a significant challenge post-prosthetic surgeries. The incidence of infection following hip replacement surgery ranges from 0.3% to 1.3%. Infections can manifest shortly after the surgery or even years later, leading to severe consequences that may necessitate prosthesis replacement. While early infections can be managed through debridement, late-onset infections might require prosthesis replacement. An infection around the prosthesis can trigger renewed pain and the need for additional surgical intervention.
Dislocation of the Hip Prosthesis: Dislocation can occur due to various factors post-prosthesis placement, often resulting from sudden impacts, accidents, or falls. The occurrence rate ranges from 1% to 3%. To mitigate this risk, it is crucial to adhere to post-operative recommendations from your physician and avoid strenuous movements for a specified duration.
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Blood clots are a potential complication following hip replacement surgery. These clots can impede blood flow, causing vascular damage and even life-threatening consequences. If a clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, it can lead to pulmonary embolism and fatal outcomes. Vigilant monitoring and post-operative mobilization, along with anticoagulant therapy, are essential in managing this critical condition.
Loosening of Prosthesis: Prosthesis loosening and instability are indicators of unsuccessful hip replacement procedures. Movement of the implant post-surgery can result in joint re-abrasions and recurrent pain. Surgical intervention is required to re-stabilize the prosthesis and replace it if necessary.
Stiffness: Joint stiffness is a common post-operative complication following hip replacement surgery. Maintaining an active lifestyle is paramount to prevent stiffness in the joint. Prolonged inactivity can lead to soft tissue compression and movement difficulties. Activities such as stair climbing or sitting may become painful if stiffness sets in. Failure to adhere to prescribed post-operative exercises may necessitate further surgical procedures to alleviate stiffness.
