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Ganglion Cyst: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
Ganglion cysts are benign, fluid-filled lumps that arise from a joint capsule or tendon sheath. They are most commonly seen around the wrist.
What Is a Ganglion Cyst?
A ganglion cyst is a soft tissue lump filled with a jelly-like fluid similar to joint (synovial) fluid. Although harmless in most cases, it may cause pain, stiffness, nerve compression, or cosmetic concerns.
Common Locations
- Dorsal wrist (most common)
- Volar (palm side) wrist
- Finger joints
- Ankle and foot
- Behind the knee (rare)
Why Do Ganglion Cysts Occur?
- Repetitive strain or overuse
- Weakness in the joint capsule or tendon sheath
- Previous trauma
- Joint degeneration (arthritis)
- Connective tissue predisposition
Symptoms
- Visible or palpable lump
- Size fluctuation over time
- Pain with movement or pressure
- Reduced range of motion
- Numbness or tingling if nerve compression occurs
How Is It Diagnosed?
- Physical examination
- Ultrasound: confirms fluid-filled nature
- MRI: detailed evaluation when surgery is planned
Treatment Options
Observation
If the cyst is painless and does not limit function, observation alone may be sufficient.
Aspiration (Needle Drainage)
The fluid can be drained using a needle. This is simple but has a higher recurrence rate.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended if:
- Persistent pain
- Nerve compression symptoms
- Recurrent cysts
- Functional limitation
- Significant cosmetic concern
Postoperative Recovery
- Most patients are discharged the same day
- Sutures removed after 10–14 days
- Early motion exercises encouraged
- High success rate with low recurrence
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a ganglion cyst disappear on its own?
Yes. Some cysts shrink or resolve spontaneously without treatment.
Is it safe to pop a ganglion cyst?
No. Self-treatment can cause injury or infection.
Will it come back after aspiration?
Recurrence is possible and more common than after surgery.
Is surgery always necessary?
No. Surgery is reserved for symptomatic or recurrent cases.
