Patellar Instability: Causes, Symptoms, and Modern Treatment Options

Patellar instability, commonly known as kneecap dislocation, is a frequent problem especially among young individuals and athletes. Recurrent dislocations can cause significant pain and limit daily activities. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for long-term success.

Causes of Patellar Instability

• Congenital abnormalities of knee joint structure
• Direct trauma or injury to the knee
• Weakness of ligaments and surrounding muscles
• Repetitive microtrauma to the joint

Symptoms

Patients often report a sensation of instability, recurrent dislocations, swelling, and difficulty in movement. Risk of re-dislocation is particularly high during sports activities, significantly reducing quality of life.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis relies on a thorough clinical examination, X-rays, and MRI imaging. In particular, injuries to the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) can be clearly identified through MRI. Early diagnosis greatly improves treatment outcomes.

Treatment Options

Treatment varies depending on the patient’s age, activity level, and frequency of dislocations. For mild cases, conservative management with physical therapy and muscle strengthening is often sufficient. For recurrent cases or those with structural abnormalities, surgical intervention may be necessary.

• Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation: Focuses on strengthening muscles and improving joint stability.
• MPFL Reconstruction: One of the most common surgical procedures, reconstructing the torn ligament.
• Corrective Bone Surgery: Performed when structural deformities in the knee bones are present.

Postoperative Recovery

After surgery, a structured rehabilitation program is vital. The process begins with protecting the joint, followed by gradual muscle strengthening and mobility exercises. With proper management, patients can safely return to their daily activities and sports.

Conclusion

Patellar instability can be successfully treated with early diagnosis and modern surgical techniques. At DMN OrthoSpine, we provide over 15 years of surgical experience and world-class perioperative care to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients.