What is Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)? The Silent Cause of Hip Pain

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition where abnormal contact occurs between the femoral head and the acetabulum in the hip joint. Over time, this can lead to cartilage damage and labral tears. It is especially common in young and active individuals, and if left untreated, may result in hip osteoarthritis.

Types of FAI

• Cam type: A bony bump on the femoral neck impinges on the acetabulum during hip motion.
• Pincer type: The rim of the acetabulum is overgrown and puts pressure on the femoral head.
• Combined type: Both cam and pincer deformities are present. This is the most common form.

Symptoms

• Pain in the groin or front of the hip
• Worsening pain with sitting, bending, or sports activities
• Stiffness and reduced range of motion
• Clicking or locking sensations in the hip

Diagnosis

FAI is diagnosed through clinical evaluation and imaging:

• X-ray: Reveals bone deformities.
• MRI: Assesses labral and cartilage damage.
• CT scan: Offers detailed bone anatomy.
• Physical exam: Tests like the FADIR test may be positive.

Treatment Options

Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment:

• Activity modification
• Physical therapy to strengthen hip-supporting muscles
• Pain-relieving medications

Surgical Treatment:

Arthroscopic surgery can correct bone abnormalities and repair the labrum. This minimally invasive approach allows faster recovery and less postoperative pain.

Postoperative Recovery

• 1–2 weeks of crutch-assisted walking
• Pain relief usually by weeks 4–6
• Return to sports in approximately 3 months
• Full recovery in about 6 months

Conclusion

FAI can be effectively managed with early diagnosis and treatment. If you experience hip pain that worsens with movement or activity, don’t ignore it—consult an orthopedic specialist today.